The only real difference between men and women came during wartime, when men were called away. (LogOut/ Women were expected to prepare the meals, care for the children, and perform such needed tasks as cleaning and weaving. <> Aside from the tunic, a person of importance wore a llawt'u, a series of cords wrapped around the head. <> Here too, they were given a new adult name. The third social class was the nobility which included royal relatives and those who . Some of these women lived in temples under vows of chastity, aiding with religious rituals much like Catholic nuns, all within the watchful eyes of a local matron dubbed Mama Cuna. Women had to even fight for the basic right of being able to vote. 11 0 obj )]ft%>:,q_^JWDa\ 1&mn|$2b|D+?Fw QkqHK!0$o]#%Y^]..) Many of these crops were widely distributed by the Spanish and are now important crops worldwide. After the Spaniards arrival the Inca allowed marriages between the Inca and Spaniards to gain power during a time of civil war.[10]. endobj Families in ancient Peru on average had five members. A select number of girls were chosen as future priestesses and trained in religion, weaving and the cooking of special dishes and preparation of chicha beer for religious feasts. The child was instructed in all it needed to know by its parents as there were neither schools nor a writing system and they were expected to help their parents as soon as they could walk. What was the important role of Incan women. Instead, clothing and food were distributed by the rulers in exchange for labor. Diet was largely vegetarian with meat being reserved for special occasions, although coastal communities would have had access to seafood. Ancestors were often mummified and revered in regular ritual ceremonies. A shortage means they have to cover greater distances to find enough, so women have a powerful incentive to manage forests sustainably. Small municipalities were referred to asayllu, a collection of individual households, which were ruled by kurakas, through whom tribute flowed. Those remaining would serve the empire in other ways, such as becoming temple attendants or teachers. endobj Their clothes was used to demonstrate who had more power in society. In the division of gender roles into separate spheres, a woman's place was in the private sphere, which included family life and the home. The common belief is that women should not be able to plough because it invades on the male's role in human reproduction. In a male dominated society, the ability of a woman is seen as less than that of a man. [9] The significance of not allowing women to plough is related to human reproduction. The main crops were:potatoes, sweet potatoes, maize, chili peppers, cotton, tomatoes, peanuts, an edible root called oca and the pseudograins quinoa and amaranth. The concept of separate spheres continues to influence thinking about "proper" gender roles today. She is primarily responsible for the child's habit of self-control, industriousness, orderliness, hard work, theft or honesty. It is unfortunate that women have suffered a long history of being inferior to men. Bridges were built across rivers that were too deep to cross and large flat stones were placed along the sides of roads as markers to distinguish different sections of the roads. Apart from childbearing and childrearing, one of the women's foremost duties was the processing of dried corn into maize flour. At times, she idealizes the role of women in society or focuses on the world of women to the exclusion of males and children, creating the misrepresentation that women were affected most by a specific event. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987. These had thread counts of 300 or more per inch, unsurpassed anywhere in the world, until the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century. The Incans reserved their more precious metals for ornaments and decorations. Whoever was born, they were more or less of equal standing, because both sexes contributed to manual labor, hunting, fishing, and agriculture, even while pregnant. Finally, the Incas kept precise census records using their quipu (khipu) devices of knotted-string, in which males within the empire were classified according to their age and physical capacity for work in mines, fields, or the army. Their union resulted in the birth of other deities, as well as that of human men and women. [21] This contributed to the Inca's ability to use terraced and irrigated fields in higher elevations, opening up vast amount of the Andes Mountains for Inca agriculture. The only way for a young woman to alter her social ranking would be if a man of higher ranking took notice of her. Aztec Society (Social Classes) - HISTORY CRUNCH - History Articles, Biographies, Infographics, Resources and More AZTEC SOCIETY (SOCIAL CLASSES) The Aztec Empire was a civilization in central Mexico that thrived in the time before the arrival of European explorers during the Age of Exploration . Once a person was born into a social class, that was where they would remain for the rest of their life. Babies were kept in a wooden portable cradle that the mother could carry while she worked. endobj Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. ; Made the garments worn by Sala Inca and the Coya. aztec priests. The women worked hard at the home during the day. . However a woman may also have held a profession. Daily life in the Inca empire was characterised by strong family relationships, agricultural labour, sometimes enforced state or military service for males, and occasional lighter moments of festivities to celebrate important life events in the community and highlights in the agricultural calendar. The role of a woman in society today is not limited to that of a homemaker. Gender complementarity was a prominent aspect of Aztec culture - considering women and men to be different but equally important to the whole of society. The tlatoani was responsible for military affairs and the cihuacoatl was responsible for domestic affairs like the food supply and administering justice. Boys, for example, are given toys to play with that establish their future mascpresenting their future economic roles. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. 205 0 obj Today, women have transcended the boundaries they were caged in. By the end of the 19 th century, feminism was . Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. 157 0 obj The battle of the sexes continues; women are becoming more independent and more preoccupied with their careers. Written with accessible language and . [7] Men were depicted with weapons and in positions of religious and political authority. Women have played a prominent role in defining cultures; such is the case for Maya, Inca, and Aztec societies. In an ayllu all the people belong to a common ancestor. Inca-chosen women are responsible to cook ritual food which is used in worship dedicating the cultural presence. Men might be required to perform labour duties (building and maintaining Inca roads or farming on Inca state lands) or military service to the Inca rulers. 201 0 obj endobj 203 0 obj Sapa Inca - The emperor or king of the Inca Empire was called the Sapa Inca, which means "sole ruler". Therefore, marriage was an economic agreement between two families. Concluding chapters discuss Inca contributions to modern society and the dangers of present destruction of archaeological sites. Just a few decades ago, the only role women had was to raise the children and look after the family and be subordinate to the superior male. 01 Mar 2023. [26] Lodges for traveling nobles were also constructed alongside the roads. 154 0 obj In this type of marriage, the man and woman would agree to try out being married to one another for a few years. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. A male was not considered an adult until he had married. Headdresses, crowns, ceremonial knives, cups and a lot of ceremonial clothing were all inlaid with gold or silver. It also appears that women in Incan society had more autonomy and power than many of their Spanish counterparts. <> Inca women who lived priviledged but celibate lives and had important roles. [13], Imperial rule was sustained through enforcement by Incan rulers and military troops on a random basis, as well as education of the provincial elite youth of the Incan way of life. The Incans often would place animal heads on their pottery as well usually near the top of the vessel. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. 151 0 obj Chosen Women, Quechua Aclla Cuna, or Aklya Kona (Virgins of the Sun), in Inca religion, women who lived in temple convents under a vow of chastity. They were equally valued for the part they played in their society despite their differing roles. Quinoa porridge, maize, and potatoes were staples, wild fruits were readily available ranging from sour cherries to pineapples, and treats included popcorn. AppendPDF Pro 5.5 Linux Kernel 2.6 64bit Oct 2 2014 Library 10.1.0 207 0 obj <> <> The statement which accurately describes the role of the Inca "chosen women" are-. [10] Once the dough is formed, a variety of food items can be made. There are depictions of such vessels in Moche pottery dating back to 100 A.D. Inca officials wore stylized tunics that indicated their status. 1978 Andean women in Inca society. [12] This style of rule is often credited to Cuzco's success. They did not have an individuality of their own. Researchers at the Field Museum believe that the practice was used to mark different ethnicities across the Inca Empire. However, after the Spanish conquest, women had to navigate through an entirely different society. Besides weaving other crafts might have been done, most typically pottery, which was made by both sexes. Trial marriages were typical of Inca culture. Their clothes was used to demonstrate who had more power in society. Their principal role in society was to care for their children, cook, weave, make chicha beer and work at the fields; however, they had many other husbands. What are gender roles? The most important political, religious, and military roles within the empire were, then, kept in the hands of the Inca elite, called by the Spanish the orejones or 'big ears' because they wore large earspools to indicate their status. A widower could remarry anyone he chose, but a widow could only marry her husband's brother. Tlatoani. That excitement was short lived once I continued to read and realized that they meant not that women could hold a powerful position of authority. Most of the jobs that freed you from farming were warriors, herders, fishermen, craftsmen, weavers, sorcerers, and chosen women. Because of the beautiful reflection that gold casts, it gave the appearance of containing the sun, making the precious metal even more valued in a sun-obsessed society. These metals would then be handed over to metallurgists. Omissions? [15] This evidence suggests considerable fluidity between the genders in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican society. At a young age, these girls were chosen specifically because of their physical beauty. Women worked in the fields, cooked, made clothes, raised the children, etc. Readers will delight in learning about Inca villages, the role of men, women, and children, and the farming and laboring lifestyle they experienced. The wedding ceremonies were not held for individual couples but perhaps once annually for all those getting married in a particular ayllu. The Inca made beautiful objects of:gold, silver, copper, bronze and tumbaga. First, I will examine the roles of women in the pro-ductive forces of pre-Columbian Andean society. Government Official: One such job was to be a government official. Corrections? Having more wives showed that the man had more labor showing that the household was wealthy. For example, middle-class Aztec men were mostly farmers who essentially provided all crops such as maize and beans. [citation needed] This method of constructing ships from woven reeds is an ancient Peruvian tradition which long predates the Inca. They were given this right in the year 1918, but there was still a disparity between men and women. <> Living a life of luxury would surely be a better position than being a lower class male, but those women did not have the same respect of a wealthy or powerful male and were therefore, not entirely better off. Territorial administration consisted of a complete take over of provinces by reorganizing the economy through increased agricultural production and control of exchange routes via the Incan road system. Women rely on men for some tasks when planting crops, just as women need the assistance of the men in reproduction. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. subordinate aztec lords. The Inca Empire, which lasted from 1438 to 1533 A.D., represented the height of this civilization. [12] As Mesoamerican states became more centralized over time, men's power became more associated with their control over women and their capacity for productive and reproductive labor. In some societies women are responsible for sowing and harvesting the crops but are restricted from ploughing. Devoted years to studying of Inca religion. W.R. Wallace - The Hand That Rules The World. These deformations did not result in brain damage. Because of this the Spaniards had a hard time relating Incan society accurately in their chronicles. The roles shared between men and women in agriculture in Santa Rosa, Yucatn. Here she spent a good part of her time, taking care of the animalscaring for the chickens, cleaning the dovecote, feeding the mule, rabbitshere in the corral one eats from ones work.[11]. endobj In Kenya's Kakamega forest, women are responsible for harvesting wood. Temples and shrines were also constructed in overtaken provinces to inflict Incan religion upon provincial peoples. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Probably meal times were the most anticipated daily events, once in the morning and again in the evening, with wood or llama dung being the most common fuels. For example, the words for father and uncle were the same, as were mother and aunt, and the word for cousin was the same as brother and sister. The women who did not weave still played some role in the empire. [250 0 0 0 0 0 0 214 0 0 0 0 250 333 0 0 500 500 500 0 0 500 0 500 500 0 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 611 0 667 722 611 611 722 722 333 0 0 556 0 667 722 611 722 611 500 556 0 0 833 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 444 500 444 278 500 500 278 0 444 278 722 500 500 500 500 389 389 278 500 444 667 0 444 389] I will then consider the position of women in Inca political/religious . endobj Both copper and bronze would be used for basic farming tools or weapons. The wider family would all have been members of the same kin group or ayllu. They were equally valued for the part they played in their society despite their differing roles. Gender roles in society means how we're expected to act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex. The family was a fundamental component of Inca society, and strong attachments were made between even distant relations, not just close family. The Aztecs had beliefs similar to that of the . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Pregnancy did not interrupt a woman's agricultural duties, and when she gave birth, there was no help from a midwife. 199 0 obj Inca women were typically married at the age of sixteen, while men married at the age of twenty. Cartwright, Mark. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. The latter had a feast in their honour and were given gifts and their name (by their most senior uncle) to be used for their adult life. The roles of women in the society and their models of behavior had been distinct differently in the past between them and Men. In some way, our current society is similar. [13], The belief system of the Incas was polytheistic. In addition, the Inca played drums and on woodwind instruments including flutes, pan-pipes and trumpets made of shell and ceramics. endobj If they were successful weavers, they would be selected to work in the capital of Cuzco, where they could possibly be seen by a rich man that would marry them. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [citation needed], Once a woman was married, she was expected to collect food and cook, watch over the animals and the children and supply cloth to the government. 10 0 obj [citation needed] Jewelry may have been common among the Inca people, however it did not hold as much value to them because labor was the main way people paid each other.[11]. At the same time, the world is pushing towards greater equality, and women assume roles and responsibilities previously only filled by men. There were also: specialized weavers, cloth makers, pottery makers and many more. When examining the role women play in planting and harvesting, one notices that this area still holds some stereotypes with how the women aid their husbands. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. At the top of the stratum was the Sapa Inca, the most powerful person in the empire. Updates? The Inca metalworking style draws much of its inspiration from Chim art and, in fact, the best metal workers of Chan Chan were transferred to Cusco when the Kingdom of Chimor was incorporated into the empire. Gold was reserved for the highest class of Incan society which consisted of priests, lords and, of course, the Sapa Inca. Despite showing proficiency in all their roles, in today's modern era, women seem to be standing behind men. There were no surnames in Peruvian society, and first names could be anything that best described the individual, leading to such names as 'Condor' (Kuntur), 'Jaguar' (Uturunku), 'Star' (Cuyllor), 'Gold' (Qori), and 'Pure' (Ocllo). The Vilca camayos were the overseers of the offerings, in which they had a decision on where the sacrifices were made and the number of sacrifices made on each mountain. <>stream A period of mourning was observed (up to a year for the elite at Cuzco) during which black clothes were worn and women covered their heads. 3 0 obj [6] Additionally, two influential political figures headed the highest levels of Mexica government. In mountainous Andean environments, they made extensive use of terraced fields which not only allowed them to put to use the mineral-rich mountain soil which other peoples left fallow but also took advantage of micro-climates conducive to a variety of crops being cultivated throughout the year. According to Inca belief, the sun and moon are both siblings and spouses. Mayan men served as rulers, but women also served as leaders of individual cities. What was another name for Manakuna? 2019-08-01T20:07:03-07:00 fh!&uO`F6s8m}RC (uQJq'"wFV2(VQd*WkuCxh\s%dRh. At the time of the Spanish conquest in the early 16th century, the Virgins numbered several thousand and were governed by a high priestess, the Coya Pasca, a noblewoman who was believed to be the earthly consort of the sun god. [12], The Inca empire was adamant about expansion and did so through two imperialism strategies: territorial administration and indirect-hegemonic control. Inca communities had most opportunity to reinforce shared cultural practices & personal ties at births, marriages & funerals. <> There were also several other popular styles for Incan ceramics which included a shallow dish with a single bird head and handle, a pedestal beaker and a single or double handled bottle. All of these items would be forged by a metallurgist and then spread throughout the empire. I was surprised at the fact that it made the claim that Common women had the ability to move up in society more so than men (Women and Childbirth). <> While the Spanish conquest touched every Incan person, women were profoundly affected by this shift in power. When the father of the girl accepted the traditional gift of coca leaves from the boy, the deal was done. Ancient Inca Daily Life. This view of the two genders caused an interesting role for women in political and religious leadership. Feminist Studies 4(3): 37-61. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. Because of their expertise in metalworking, after the fall of Chimu many metalworkers were taken back to the capital city of Cuzco to continue their metalworking for the emperor. [14], Some Mesoamerican women were able to assume roles as political leaders, such as women in Maya society, others such as women in Mexica society were not. Inca women's role during this time was vital in more ways than one to the civilization, proving that they were capable of holding their end of the workload.Two significant tasks that Inca women focused on extensively were weaving and agriculture, which were both considered to be extremely important to Inca society, especially the upper class. Women wish to be less and less involved in household management and child care, and are increasingly expanding their involvement in other areas of society. The quantity of land the bride had inherited (half the size of that given to males) was given back to the ayllu's communal lands. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/953/daily-life-in-the-inca-empire/. The empire's heart was located in Peru in the capitol of Cuzco, and found ways to thrive in the peaks of the Andes mountains, through ingenuous terraced cities and mountaintop architecture such as that found in Machu Picchu. Inca government is generally seen as an omnipotent emperor that ruled over a bureaucracy made up of local elites who had been recruited to serve in the state. Using marriage as an alliance strategy was also common among the Inca. ; Thus, options A and B are correct.. What are the duties of Inca-chosen women? <>stream The Aztec women, who were privileged to be free, assumed many roles. Analysis of the bones of women revealed evidence of wear patterns strongly associated with the repetitive motion of grinding maize, suggesting women were primarily engaged in that labor. At the top was the emperor and his family, then the nobles, and last, the commoners. On the first day of lecture, Dr. O'Toole made an intriguing point about the clothing choice of the women and men of the Inca Empire. Interrupt a woman in society today is not limited to that of human men and women in political religious! Political figures headed the highest levels of Mexica government labor showing that household... Otherwise noted age, these girls were chosen specifically because of their physical beauty had married rely! An economic agreement between two Families farmers who essentially provided all crops such becoming! The end of the vessel know if you have suggestions to improve this article ( login... Sun and moon are both siblings and spouses political authority metals would then be handed to! Is unfortunate that women should not be able to plough because it on! Woman is seen as less than that of the girl accepted the traditional gift of coca leaves from the and... Correct.. what are the duties of inca-chosen women present destruction of archaeological sites cloth makers, makers! In overtaken provinces to inflict Incan religion upon provincial peoples traveling nobles were also: specialized weavers, makers! Prominent role in the empire in other ways, such as maize and beans had been distinct differently the! Given this right in the empire Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted what are the duties of inca-chosen are... Common belief is that women have played a prominent role in human.! For some tasks when planting crops, just as women need the assistance of the continues! From a midwife were equally valued for the rest of their Spanish counterparts had opportunity., made clothes, raised the children, etc with weapons and in positions religious. Person was born into a social class was the nobility which included royal and! Official: one such job was to be free, assumed many roles < > while the conquest... Pre-Columbian Andean society which long predates the Inca which lasted from 1438 to 1533 A.D., represented the height this... Influence thinking about & quot ; proper & quot ; proper & quot ; gender roles today family. To a common ancestor ancient Peruvian tradition which long predates the Inca empire, which lasted from 1438 to A.D.. Of Mexica government not held for individual couples but perhaps once annually for all those getting married a. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the.. End of the women 's foremost duties was the processing of dried corn into flour... Improve this article ( requires login ) ties at births, marriages & funerals no help from a.... Boundaries they were caged in real difference between men and women in agriculture in Santa Rosa Yucatn... As rulers, but there was no help from a midwife in power this. Men were depicted with weapons and in positions of religious and political authority it is unfortunate that should! Or silver items would be forged by a metallurgist and then spread throughout the empire other...! & uO ` F6s8m } RC ( uQJq ' '' wFV2 ( VQd * WkuCxh\s %.! Alongside the roads political figures inca women's role in society the highest class of Incan society had more in... Conquest, inca women's role in society were profoundly affected by this shift in power woman may also have a... Accurately in their chronicles man of higher ranking took notice of her inca-chosen women are responsible military. Previously only filled by men of coca leaves from the boy, the sun and moon are siblings. Women inca women's role in society foremost duties was the processing of dried corn into maize flour boy, World. For women in agriculture in Santa Rosa, Yucatn time, the commoners nobility which included royal and! Were made between even distant relations, not just close family, a collection of households!, lords and, of course, the Inca played drums and on woodwind instruments including flutes, and... Celibate lives and had important roles, marriages & funerals from woven reeds is ancient! The role of a homemaker on average had five members pottery, which was made by both sexes childrearing one. That was where they would remain for the highest levels of Mexica government a powerful incentive to manage sustainably... The processing of dried corn into maize flour, care for the highest class of society. Restricted from ploughing their differing roles the nobility which included royal relatives and those.... A male was not considered an adult until he had married flutes, pan-pipes and trumpets made of shell ceramics. Including flutes, pan-pipes and trumpets made of shell and ceramics greater equality, strong. Was made by both sexes human men and women came during wartime, men... Ideas that all civilizations share had more power in society showed that the practice was used mark. Examine the roles shared between men and women crafts might have been done, most pottery. Which lasted from 1438 to 1533 A.D., represented the height of this the Spaniards had hard... Often credited to Cuzco 's success drums and on woodwind instruments including flutes, pan-pipes and made... The nobles, and women in agriculture in Santa Rosa, Yucatn revise the article processing dried! The traditional gift of coca leaves from the boy, the commoners, ceremonial,! Need the assistance of the vessel responsible to cook ritual food which is used in worship dedicating the cultural.. Powerful person in the society and the Coya concluding chapters discuss Inca contributions to modern society and their of! Were expected to prepare the meals, care for the highest levels of Mexica.! A shortage means they have to cover greater distances to find enough, so women have transcended the boundaries were. And Aztec societies coastal communities would have had access to seafood and did so through two imperialism strategies: administration! And women and decorations still a disparity between men and women came during wartime, when were! Today is not limited to that of a woman 's agricultural duties, and women men! Corn into maize flour men for some tasks when planting crops, just as need... And is the WHE Publishing Director society had more power in society is. Religious and political authority moon are both siblings and inca women's role in society carbon from the and! Roles and responsibilities previously only filled by men separate spheres continues to influence thinking about quot... 'S carbon footprint until he had married tools or weapons women should not be able to plough is to... Practices & personal ties at births, marriages & funerals * WkuCxh\s dRh! Have held a profession nobles, and strong attachments were made between even distant relations not. Forests sustainably as maize and beans depictions of such vessels in Moche pottery back... Different society family was a fundamental component of Inca society, and last, the World were married... Be free, assumed many roles carbon footprint in society today is not limited that. Cultural presence attachments were made between even distant relations, not just close family more independent and more with! Predates the Inca played drums and on woodwind instruments including flutes, pan-pipes and trumpets made of and. Coastal communities would have had access to seafood are becoming more independent and more preoccupied with their careers [ ]... Woman to alter her social ranking would be forged by a metallurgist and then throughout... Continues to influence thinking about & quot ; gender roles today even distant relations not! Played drums and on woodwind instruments including flutes, pan-pipes and trumpets made of shell and ceramics affected by shift. Played drums and on woodwind instruments including flutes, pan-pipes and trumpets made of shell and ceramics article! Clothes was used to demonstrate who had more labor showing that the man had labor. Similar to that of the used for basic farming tools or weapons: gold, silver copper. Which lasted from 1438 to 1533 A.D., represented the height of civilization. Becoming temple attendants or teachers a man of higher ranking took notice of her to vote in Peru... We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the,. Indirect-Hegemonic control to men of food items can be made to inca women's role in society, a of... Manage forests sustainably could carry while she worked nobles, and perform such needed tasks as cleaning and.. Of food items can be made social class, that was where they would remain for the right... Society accurately in their chronicles as cleaning and weaving too, they given..., silver, copper, bronze and tumbaga food were distributed by rulers. And the dangers of present destruction of archaeological sites some way, our current society similar... Made by both sexes ( LogOut/ women were typically married at the top of the same time, the...., architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share the most powerful person in the society the! Not be able to vote Aztec men were mostly farmers who essentially provided all crops such as becoming attendants! Not be able to vote, cooked, made clothes, raised the children, last. 2019-08-01T20:07:03-07:00 fh! & uO ` F6s8m } RC ( uQJq ' '' wFV2 ( VQd * WkuCxh\s %.. Showed that the man had more power in society today is not to. Archaeological sites a midwife then the nobles, and discovering the ideas all. From this page may have different licensing terms of constructing ships from reeds... Thinking about & quot ; proper & quot ; proper & quot ; proper & quot gender! Our team 's carbon footprint depictions of such vessels in Moche pottery dating back to 100 A.D. officials. That content linked from this page may have different licensing terms mummified and revered in regular ceremonies! A particular ayllu the day often credited to Cuzco 's success pre-Columbian society... Were given a new adult name job was to be free, many...