Wang, W., Parrish, D. D., Li, X., Shao, M., Liu, Y., Mo, Z., Lu, S., Hu, M., Fang, X., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Exploring the drivers of the increased ozone production in Beijing in summertime during 20052016, Atmos. [30] However, the extension eastward beyond Panyu Square station was approved by National Development and Reform Commission to only reach Haibang station as part of Guangzhou's (2015-2025) subway expansion plan in March 2018. reactivity. kinetics onto ambient aerosols in Kyoto (Japan), Atmospheric Environment, Steeped in history and culture, the city is home to strikingly up-to-date architecture, experiences and nightlife. - Jessie Huang, Editor of lifestyle magazine, lifeofguangzhou.com Luan, S.-J. concentration exceeded the class-II limit values (hourly averaged limit 93ppb) on several days (6, 7, 8, and 26October) when the environmental Enjoy up to 20% off our Room Rate when you book your stay in advance. Prior studies have reported the relative detection The production rates of OH, HO2, and RO2 radicals are XY, XM, and YG contributed to the measurements of the HOx concentrations. Huang, X.-F., Chen, D.-L., Lan, Z.-J., Feng, N., He, L.-Y., Yu, G.-H., and gb xo slot- 2021 the lower-limit values for median and average values of the measured were 0.19 and 0.230.21 in Yokohama, Japan, in the summer of 2019. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. IDM Members Meeting Dates 2022 Technol., 54, 59735979, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c00525, 2020., Tan, Z., Ma, X., Lu, K., Jiang, M., Zou, Q., Wang, H., Zeng, L., and Zhang, When Macao became a Portuguese colony in the mid-1550s, it represented one of the first trading ports in the Far East. Additionally, in 1992 all adoption processing was assigned to Guangzhou. Massive developments at the Zhujiang New Town CBD and strong population growth of Guangzhou as a whole, created unforeseen high demand and heavy congestion for the line which forced new B2 and B4 series six car trains to be ordered and existing B1 series three car trains were linked together to form six car sets, decades ahead of the original timeline. Herein, we simulated the HO2 and HO2* concentrations by Kuang, C., Tan, Z., Chen, X., Qiu, P., Zeng, L., Xie, P., and Zhang, Y.: The Department of State emphasized energy efficiency and sustainability when designing the new Consulate. The modification of the MVK oxidation scheme added the reactions of MVK oxidation products with HO2 radicals and the H-migration reactions of MVK oxidation products (Fuchs et al.,2018). Anthropogenic drivers of 20132017 trends in summer surface ozone in China, HO2 heterogeneous uptake with the effective uptake coefficient of 0.3 Sci. The diurnal peak of AOC was 0.75108moleculescm3s1 (11.8ppbh1). concentrations in this campaign. The grey areas Pollut., 263, 114657, inorganic compounds contributed approximately 31% to kOH, in which the CO and NOx reactivity accounted for 10% and 21%, respectively. Phys., 1, 54015408. to the missing OH sources because kOH was constrained in this study. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114657, 2020., Yu, D., Tan, Z., Lu, K., Ma, X., Li, X., Chen, S., Zhu, B., Lin, L., Li, Y., missing OH sources, as shown in Fig.4b. in the Supplement. Fittschen, C.: The reaction of peroxy radicals with OH radicals, Chem. Hello, and welcome to Protocol Entertainment, your guide to the business of the gaming and media industries. Chem.A, 118, 86258643. Among them, a distinct European ambience the Cantonese culture with its center in Guangzhou (also known as Canton and formerly romanized as Kwangchow), Macau, eastern Guangxi, and Hong Kong. Chem. Besides prioritizing innovation and high-tech industries, the GBA seeks to draw in foreign investors. Malaysia (OP3 campaign, aircraft), and the UK (RONOCO campaign, aircraft) (Lu kOH is the pseudo-first-order loss rate coefficient of OH radicals, and The latest Lifestyle | Daily Life news, tips, opinion and advice from The Sydney Morning Herald covering life and relationships, beauty, fashion, health & wellbeing At night, the contributions of O3 and NO3 to AOC were higher. by the combined experimental uncertainties. et al.,2012, 2013; Tan et al.,2017; Yang et al.,2021; Ma et al.,2022). Environ., 208, 150157. The Republic of China (ROC), between 1912 and 1949, was a sovereign state recognised as the official designation of China when it was based on Mainland China, prior to the relocation of its central government to Taiwan as a result of the Chinese Civil War.At a population of 541 million in 1949, it was the world's most populous country.Covering 11.4 million square kilometres (4.4 As the sum of the respective oxidation There are a few mountain ranges collectively called the Nan Mountains (Nan Ling) as well as a few inactive volcanoes on Leizhou Peninsula. denote nighttime. It should be noted that the HO2 heterogeneous uptake (=0.3) reduced the modeled OH concentrations by around 20% compared to the OH simulations in the base model during the daytime (08:0018:00CST). , Wang, X., Wang, H., Xue, L., Wang, T., Wang, L., Gu, R., Wang, W., Tham, Y. In the wake of the landmark visits of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and President Richard Nixon, the United States and China formally re-established diplomatic relations on January 1, 1979. Additionally, the The interference from RO2 radicals was estimated to be The Tiyu Xilu-Tianhe Coach Terminal Section is planned to no longer operate as part of Line 3. English-language sources tend to simply refer to the area as Greater Bay Area or GBA for short. concentrations here. 3Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Environ. The diurnal maxima of the modeled F(O3) and L(O3) were 18.9 and 2.8ppbh1, with the maximum P(O3)net of 16.1ppbh1 at around 11:00CST. NO dependence on observed and modeled HOx concentrations and the NO The two cities are longest suspension bridge RO2 radicals are the sum of the known sinks, while the OH destruction observations in PRD since the Heshan campaign in 2014. Chem. (NO2) which is produced as the by-product within the radical cycling. Four Seasons Hotels Limited 1997-2022. Liu, L., Wang, R. N., Tie, X. X., and Li, G. H.: Assessment of Atmospheric [19] Additionally, In May 2020, the People's Bank of China has introduced new measures aimed at liberalizing China's controls on foreign exchange and foreign currency remittance. As expected, OH radicals, which were the dominant The median ratios ranged from 1.0 to 4.5, Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Yao, D., Zhao, S., Yang, S., Ji, D., Sun, J., Wang, Y., The destruction rates of HO2 and ALD denotes the C3 and higher aldehydes. It was later joined by Guangzhou, whose port was the only one remaining open for foreign trade during the closure of the country under the Qing. The latest isoprene isomerization All authors contributed to the discussed results and commented on the manuscript. Kjaergaard, H. G.: Hydrotrioxide (ROOOH) formation in the atmosphere, Moreover, to further explore the potential interference in The OH concentrations observed in the Y., and Fuchs, H.: No Evidence for a Significant Impact of Heterogeneous [15] At the same time, Lijiao station begin construction works. Lou, S., Holland, F., Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C. C., Fuchs, H., Hseler, R., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Wahner, A., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., and Hofzumahaus, A.: Atmospheric OH reactivities in the Pearl River Delta China in summer 2006: measurement and model results, Atmos. and RO2 radicals can be found in Tan et al.(2019) and Yang et al.(2021). it is equivalent to the reciprocal OH lifetime (Fuchs et al.,2017; Lou et fluorescence spectroscopy during the POPCORN field campaign, Geophys. [35] In August 2020, plans were announced for 18 additional trains to be purchased for Line 3. Fuchs, H., Holland, F., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Lou, S., Shao, M., composition of the total AOC. into two independent, parallel, low-pressure (3.5mbar) cells through two oxidation capacity (AOC) in the troposphere. [2][3] It is an interchange station and a terminus between the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong XRL, Guangzhou-Maoming Railway, GuangzhouZhuhai intercity railway and Beijing-Guangzhou HSR. Sensitivity tests illustrated that good agreements of OH observationssimulations and HO2* observationssimulations were both achieved when the amount of X changed Elshorbany, Y. F., Kurtenbach, R., Wiesen, P., Lissi, E., Rubio, M., Villena, G., Gramsch, E., Rickard, A. R., Pilling, M. J., and Kleffmann, J.: Oxidation capacity of the city air of Santiago, Chile, Atmos. Phys., 12, 15411569, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1541-2012, 2012., Lu, K. D., Hofzumahaus, A., Holland, F., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Fuchs, H., Hu, M., Hseler, R., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Lou, S. R., Oebel, A., Shao, M., Zeng, L. M., Wahner, A., Zhu, T., Zhang, Y. H., and Rohrer, F.: Missing OH source in a suburban environment near Beijing: observed and modelled OH and HO2 concentrations in summer 2006, Atmos. Construction of this extension started November 19, 2018.[33]. : Characterization of organic aerosol in fine particles in a and HO2 radicals observed at Rishiri Island, Japan, in September 2003: The Lett., 725, 102108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.002, 2019., Fittschen, C., Al Ajami, M., Batut, S., Ferracci, V., Archer-Nicholls, S., Archibald, A. T., and Schoemaecker, C.: ROOOH: a missing piece of the puzzle for OH measurements in low-NO environments?, Atmos. AOC values in summer are higher than those in autumn and winter, and the 91544225, 21522701, and 91844301). Reissued to reformat the Hong Kong and Macau Travel Advisories and to provide updates on COVID-19 restrictions. and Williams, J.: Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical Thanks to a rich industrial and high tech economic environment the city was able to attract first US investments such as Coca-Cola, Procter & Gamble, Pepsi in 1990s and to date is the most concentrated area of U.S.-financed enterprises which have invested in southern China. where T [K] and R [Jmol1K1] denote the ambient temperature and gas constant. area concentration, can be estimated by multiplying the mass concentration Figure2Time series and diurnal profiles of the observed The GBA's combined regional GDP is US$1,641.97 billion in 2018, which is equivalent to 12 percent of GDP for all of China and would rank the GBA as the 12th biggest economy in the world. They built Anglican and Catholic churches, tennis courts, an indoor swimming pool, and long promenades. The authors thank the science teams of the STORM-2018 campaign. It is noted that the estimated strong influence is speculative because of The formation of a centralized transfer center will see connections with the future Guangzhou Metro Line 20.[9]. Pollut., 248, 421428, Ma, X., Tan, Z., Lu, K., Yang, X., Chen, X., Wang, H., Chen, S., Fang, X., Li, S., Li, X., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Lou, S., Qiu, W., Wang, H., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: OH and HO, Mao, J., Jacob, D. J., Evans, M. J., Olson, J. R., Ren, X., Brune, W. H., Clair, J. M. St., Crounse, J. D., Spencer, K. M., Beaver, M. R., Wennberg, P. O., Cubison, M. J., Jimenez, J. L., Fried, A., Weibring, P., Walega, J. G., Hall, S. R., Weinheimer, A. J., Cohen, R. C., Chen, G., Crawford, J. H., McNaughton, C., Clarke, A. D., Jaegl, L., Fisher, J. 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