Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Persian: , romanized: Mahmd Ahmadned [mhmud(-e) hmdined] ()), born Mahmoud Sabbaghian (Persian: , romanized: Mahmoud Sabbghyn, 28 October 1956), is an Iranian conservative politician who served as the sixth president of Iran from 2005 to 2013. A railway that would link Berlin to the Persian Gulf would provide Germany with a connection to its southernmost colonies in Africa, i.e. [3][4] Although it has been argued that they were resolved in 1914 before the war began, it has also been argued that the railway was a manifestation of the imperial rivalry that was the leading cause of World War I. Reasons for banning further sale of fossil fuel vehicles include: reducing health risks from pollution particulates, notably diesel PM10s and other emissions, notably nitrogen oxides; meeting national greenhouse gas, such as CO 2, targets under international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement; or energy independence.The intent to ban vehicles powered by fossil Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.The name petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil and petroleum products that consist of refined crude oil. In 2003, Total signed for a 30% stake in the gas exploration venture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) South Rub' al-Khali joint venture along with Royal Dutch Shell and Saudi Aramco. The produced gas will supply the Iranian domestic market starting in 2021.[42]. [105] In 2021 the team changed its name again to Team TotalEnergies in time for that year's Tour de France. People Meet the people behind the science; Careers Consider your career options with valuable advice and insightful case studies; Opinion and reviews Find out whether you agree with our expert commentators The initial nations targeted were Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and The lists do not show all contributions to every state ballot measure, or each independent expenditure committee formed to support or OFAC Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils. Alexis Vovk, president Marketing & Services. Search by Year. In 1991, the French government held more than 30 percent of the company's stock but by 1996 had reduced its stake to less than 1 percent. Reuters Total CEO says company pledges 100 million euro to rebuild Notre-Dame, 20092010 Iraqi oil services contracts tender, Subsidiaries and affiliates of TotalEnergies, 2005 Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire, Centre Scientifique et Technique Jean Fger, Fourth quarter and full-year 2021 results, "Euro Stoxx 50 | Index | 965814 | EU0009658145 | Brse Frankfurt (Frankfurt Stock Exchange)", "MILESTONES: 19211936, the 1928 Red Line Agreement", "An Administrative/Biographical History of Iraq Petroleum Company", "Compagnie Franaise des Ptroles and Its Contribution to the Re-establishment of France's Position among the Oil Countries after the Second World War", "Esmark will sell TransOcean oil, gas unit to Mobil", "Mobil high bidder for Esmark oil holdings", https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102386, "Total Petroleum to rebrand and restructure its stores throughout the Midwest", "Ultramar Diamond Shamrock Is to Acquire a Unit of Total", "Shell and Total sign a natural gas agreement South Rub Al-Khali Gas Processing", "SAUDI ARAMCO TOTAL Refining and Petrochemical Company (SATORP) completes US$8.5 Billion project financing for Jubail Refinery", "History of SAUDI ARAMCO TOTAL Refining and Petrochemical Company (SATORP)", "Iran says China's state oil firm withdraws from US$5-billion natural gas deal; U.S. sanctions may be to blame", "Total.com Businesses of the Total Group", "Total Sells Stake in Nigerian Project to Sinopec for $2.5 Billion", "Global Experience of Total key to success in Kazakhstan", "France's Total snaps up Chevron's Pakistan retail network", "Total to sell LPG distribution business in France to UGI Corp unit for 450mn euros", "Total appoints Patrick Pouyanne as CEO after Christophe de Margerie dies in plane crash", "Total to cut 180 UK jobs after $5.7bn loss | Business", "Total Acquires Lampiris to Expand Its Gas and Power Distribution Activities", "Total to Buy Battery Maker Saft in Push to Expand Clean Energy", "Total to buy $2.2 billion in Petrobras upstream, downstream assets", "THE ARGONAUTS ROBOT WINS THE ARGOS CHALLENGE! New and used car prices finally begin to creep down from inflated highs TotalEnergies is also a large-scale chemicals manufacturer. Full diplomatic documents of the German government were released between 1922 and 1927, British documents between 1926 and 1938. The Total company was fined just over $298,000. As early as 1871 a commission of experts studied the geology of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and reported plentiful oil of good quality, but commented that poor transportation made it doubtful these fields could compete with those already operating in Russia and the United States. The breaks in the railway meant that the Ottoman government had significant difficulties in sending supplies and reinforcements to the Mesopotamian Front. The allowance is able to cater for feeding, transportation, and accommodation for the students. A new standard gauge railway opened between Baghdad and Basra for freight traffic in 1964 and for freight in 1968. Since 2016, the committee has included:[66], The executive committee is Total's primary decision-making organization. Expand your Outlook. In a move to cope with the 2021-2022 global energy crisis, which started with the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic and aggravated with Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Frances TotalEnergies and UAEs ADNOC signed a strategic deal to partner on energy projects for cooperation in the area of energy supplies. This information is usually described in project documentation, created at the beginning of the development process.The primary constraints are scope, time, and budget. [16] By 1993, Total Petroleum was operating 2,600 retail stores under the Vickers, Apco, Road Runner, and Total brands. [27], In 1911 the railway company looked to build a branch line to Alexandretta from Aleppo to pick up on the valuable trade of Northern Syria and the Northern Mesopotamian valley. Total also partnered Caterham F1 Team in 20112014, Scuderia Toro Rosso in 20142015 and Williams F1 Team in 20122013. Algae fuel In 2005, Total submitted a report to the Paris courts which stated that Total had gathered a group of experts which stated the tanker was corroded and that Total was responsible for it. [48], In 2019, Total announced sale of 30% stake in the Trapil pipeline network to crude oil storage operator Pisto SAS for 260 million. A Russian plan was rejected for fear of it extending Russian influence in Constantinople. [10], In 1980, Total Petroleum (North America) Ltd., a company controlled 50% by CFP, bought the American refining and marketing assets of Vickers Petroleum as part of a sell-off by Esmark of its energy holdings. personal email and calendar Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles In that year, the Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns locomotive works in Britain built a class of streamlined Pacific steam locomotives to haul the Taurus Express between Baghdad and Tel Kotchek. Shell Global | Shell Global Doctoral scholarships are also offered but in limited numbers. In 2015, Total unveiled plans to cut 180 jobs in the United Kingdom, reduce refinery capacity and slow spending on North Sea fields after it fell to a $5.7bn final-quarter loss. Get the latest international news and world events from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and more. The last stretch to Baghdad was built in the late 1930s and the first train to travel from Istanbul to Baghdad departed in 1940. However, war began on 1 August 1914 and one day later the secret treaty establishing the Ottoman-German Alliance was signed, perhaps giving credence to the notion that the issue had not been fully resolved. Search by Year. In addition, Total had other equity holdings amounting to about 3bn euros, treated as investments, and was involved in a number of significant joint ventures, mostly relating to LPG and LNG exploration, production, and shipping. Meanwhile, Total continued to expand its retail presence in North America under several brand names. In 2016, Total was ranked as the second-best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights in the Arctic. [50], In 2020, the company announced its intention to cut 500 voluntary jobs in France. The journey home to Germany would have given German industry a direct supply of oil. In 2011, Total agreed to buy 60% of photovoltaics company SunPower for US$1.38billion. Shell is a public limited company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and secondary listings on Euronext Amsterdam and the New York Stock Exchange.It is one of the oil and gas "supermajors" and by revenue and profits is consistently one of the largest companies in the world. In 2016, Total set up a new organization to achieve its ambition to become a responsible energy major. Total is thus pursuing its strategy of downstream integration in the gas and power value chain in Europe. The right-of-way of the railway marks the border between Syria and Turkey for over 350km, This page was last edited on 1 November 2022, at 23:37. The Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index: A method to rank heterogenous extractive industry companies for governance purposes. Two years later, the two companies officially established a joint venture called SAUDI ARAMCO TOTAL Refining and Petrochemical Company (SATORP)- in which a 62.5% stake was held by Saudi Aramco and the balance 37.5% held by TOTAL. Shell is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies. The deal was aimed at identifying and targeting potential joint investment projects in the UAE, France, and elsewhere in the sectors of renewables, hydrogen, and nuclear energy, as told by the French government in one of its statements. Suncor Energy holds 36.75%, Occidental Petroleum owns 15% and Japan's Inpex has a 10% interest.[68]. United Kingdom - Wikipedia In 2008, Total was required to pay 192 million in compensation to victims of the pollution caused by the sinking of the ship Erika. [108], French multinational energy and petroleum company, This article is about the petroleum company. [100][101][102] History. [29] In March 1914 the German government was obliged to recognise southern Mesopotamia, as well as central and southern Persia, as the exclusive field of operations of the Anglo-Persian Company. That year, the company began remodeling and rebranding all of its North American gasoline and convenience stores to use the Total name. [86], The deal also received criticism from human rights groups that persisted Macron not to give the-then crown prince a pass on the UAEs atrocious human rights record, as per the statement published by Human Rights Watch on its website. After World War II, CFP engaged in oil exploration in Venezuela, Canada, and Africa while pursuing energy sources within France. Hewlett-Packard According to The World Bank, the global average carbon footprint in 2014 was 4.97 metric tons CO 2 /cap. Expand your Outlook. 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