document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); on Who believes that all human beings are inherently good? His political philosophy is best known for being expressed in his landmark work Leviathan from the year 1651. The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. The experiments were so staged and manipulative, that they tell us little to nothing about naturalistic human behavior or psychology. Inequality breeds social division. Hume, D. (2009). For example God is perceived as good, therefore he created good human beings. This notion is refuted because William James, a pragmatic philosopher said that If an idea or judgment makes a positive, practical difference in peoples lives than it is true. report, Are Humans Inherently Evil. Lets take a look at both sides of the debate. Men are wicked, selfish, cruel and would act on behalf of their best interests. These are quite recent, emerging some five thousand years ago in Mesopotamia (5). So that no person is inherently evil: Then, I said, no man voluntarily pursues evil, or that which he thinks to be evil. In his own day, he held out little hope for the most advanced commercial states in Europe and, although he never witnessed the onset of industrial capitalism, its safe to say that it would have only confirmed his worst fears about inequality. Dogs just all have such different personalities, which might be what we love about them. The natural condition of mankind, according to Hobbes, is a state of war in which life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short because individuals are in a war of all against all (L 186). The pragmatic theory of truth states that humans make their own truths by experience, similar to the way humans accumulate muscle and money. Thomas Aquinas supported the view that a supreme being is naturally good: God commands people to do only things that are good and right and that god knows what is good and right through the natural law of reason. (Paquette, P. & Gini-Newman, 2003.) Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher, scientist, and historian who was born in Westport, Wiltshire, on April 5, 1588, and died in Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, on December 4, 1679. Social psychologists have worked hard to investigate the social factors that are associated with evil acts. We see terror every day: the recent Robb Elementary School shooting, the Holocaust, and dictators like Pol Pot and Stalin barely scratch the surface of the magnitude of evil acts humans have committed over history. Cultures around the world have traditionally linked right and wrong with what they believe their supreme being would define as right and wrong, good and bad. What may be seen as evil in one culture can be completely Human nature is evil: its goodness derives from conscious activity. He is the author of Rousseau and Hobbes: Nature, Free Will, and the Passions (2015). Plato believed that, Evil acts are committed only out of ignorance. It originated with various ancient philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle who believed that being moral was a fundamental part of human nature. Factors such as childhood trauma or abuse can cause one to lose their inner self, making a person lose their respect for others, causing them to become selfish and lack empathy for others. Dont Indulging this leads to contention and strife, and the sense of modesty and yielding with which one was born disappears.Click to see full answer. If we want to live together peacefully, Hobbes argued, we must submit ourselves to an authoritative body with the power to enforce laws and resolve conflicts. Do they all even want to do the terrible act? world both depict the presence of evil. Milgrams study showed that 65% of the participants delivered the maximum shock to their students. Here's what you'll find in our full Humankind summary : Daryas love for reading started with fantasy novels (The LOTR trilogy is still her all-time-favorite). The other side to the Correspondence theory is very subjective because it applies to certain emotions of an individual. Is there anything that can be universally agreed upon Humans are capable of committing atrocities and abominable acts that make many question the morality of humans. Its a mixture. are we good? Can Good Relationship Experiences Change Attachment Styles? She likes reading research-informed books that distill the workings of the human brain/mind/consciousness and thinking of ways to apply the insights to her own life. All people are inherently good Without mitigating factors, their innate goodness would not erode with age. That's why, in a real way, when Adam fell, he . Get original paper in 3 hours and nail the task. * It is scientifically incorrect to say that war or any other violent behavior is genetically programmed into our human nature. critics have noted that obedience and authority factors arent the only elements in heinous acts, especially in the context of the Holocaust. A red circle is shown struggling to climb a hill while an evil blue square tries to push it back down. Humans are naturally good in the ways they think, feel and act according to the Pragmatic Theory of Truth, the Divine Command Theory, and the Correspondence Theory of Truth because of the view that truths are true if they impact a persons life positively, a supreme being defines good thus, creating inherently good humans and the experiences a person goes through shapes their belief in whether or not humans are inherently good or evil. Hobbes believed that humans are inherently selfish and cruel, whereas Rousseau maintained that we're fundamentally decent and want to do the right thing. Evil has no positive existence. In the debate between Hobbes and Rousseau, Bregman comes down firmly on the side of Rousseau. Nobody is entirely good, nor entirely bad. Hobbes vs Rousseau: are we inherently evil?. In his most famous book, Leviathan (1651), Hobbes argued that the only way to combat this anarchy was to give up our freedom to a powerful ruler, which he named the Leviathan. In his view, the Leviathan would keep order by ensuring that humans base instincts didnt rise to the surface. The opposite is the contrary. (Paquette, P. & Gini-Newman, 2003) Therefore a person can be just as easily evil as well as good. This is especially an explanation of what he had said before . Who said humans are inherently evil? Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. Today, I still believe this to be true but, I also believe that we are all born with the ability to commit evil acts, but it is not until we lose sight of our inner self and our ability to control it that some choose to act upon that inner nature such as violence, killing, lying or breaking laws. While both men share some similarities, but Oskars ability to see right from wrong and choose to show empathy shows me that he is truly good. evil? It is clear that humanity has done many evil things and it is clear that humanity has done many great things. We glorify cruelty in both fiction and real life. And on that question, it is Rousseau not Hobbes who gives us the most reason to despair. According to Plato, Evil acts are committed only out of ignorance.The Inherint Good And Evil Of Humans Philosophy Essay. After all, humans are complex creatures capable of both good and evil. Is human nature good or evil essay?Human nature is the belief that humans have natural instincts or tendencies in relation to the way they think, feel or act. Douglass, R. (2019, March 19). - Human nature is evil: its goodness derives from . If you think that modern life is characterised by self-interest and competition, then one response is to sit back and wonder at how such individualistic creatures ever managed to form peaceful societies. Registration number: 419361 Hobbes vs Rousseau: are we inherently evil? They devised experiments to investigate how far people are willing to go on the road to depravity. Social psychology set about determining whether evil actions are intrinsic to our species. According to Rousseau, man in the state of nature is free, wise, and good, and the laws of nature are benevolent.15 July 2005 Rousseau proclaimed the natural goodness of man and believed that one man by nature is just as good as any other.Who said humans are inherently selfish?Hobbes makes the case that people are inherently selfish and wicked in his well-known 1651 work Leviathan, where he also offers his ideas for the social contract and laws necessary for a society of evil beings.Are humans inherently good?Goodness is not the only virtue of youth; the vast majority of people, when faced with simple, clear ethical choices, choose good over bad and even good over neutral. Firstly, Jack starts to control his choir . In this novel Ballantyne's main characters are able to enjoy their. The human race is proven to be inherently good because of the examples and content of these theories. Therefore, Aquinas explains that God is and knows what is right through the natural law of reason, thus, creating and advising humans to do the good thing in life. Are they evil? Humankind: A hopeful history. Some of these iconic experiments have been subjected to investigative journalism and have not emerged at all well (4). The evil actions that a person would perform would be a result of ignorance of their environment or of values of their society. However, critics have noted that obedience and authority factors arent the only elements in heinous acts, especially in the context of the Holocaust. There exists no other evil in nature than what you either do or suffer in the system of nature I see an established order which is never disturbed." No, not really. Human nature is neither inherently evil nor inherently good. As humans we all capable of performing acts of violence, disrespect and selfishness, but it is not until we lose our inner self that evil takes over and we become inherently evil. Meaning we are millions of years old, but also we existed . There isnt a rigid dichotomy between good and bad personalities; humans tend to have a mixture of both. She has a degree in Psychology and a deep passion for the subject. In his famous 1651 work Leviathan, Hobbes argues that people are inherently wicked and selfish, and he puts forth his ideas for the social contract and laws required by a society of evil creatures.Here we explore some of Hobbes's ideas concerning identity and accountability, and apply them to important issues specific to anonymous computing. universally agreed upon as being good? That people were selfish creatures that only strove for their own comfort. There are two key points in the emergence of tyranny that are often overlooked by social psychologists. Do we factor sociopaths and psychopaths into Douglass, Robin. Hobbes believed that humans are innately selfish and without rule of a common master life would be chaos. They are always there for us, they love us unconditionally, and they treat us a whole lot better than most humans do. Can a sole proprietor use the same EIN for multiple businesses? join now (only takes a moment). priorities. What were Voltaires beliefs about human nature? more powerful than they, and crowd mentality. No plagiarism, guaranteed! Politics is characterised by disagreement and if we think that our own political or religious convictions are more important than peaceful coexistence then those convictions are the problem, not the answer. Milgrams experiment was conducted shortly after the trial of Adolf Eichmann, who was a Nazi during World War II and was directly responsible for the deaths of many Jews, Slavs, and other minority groups during the Holocaust. Men are wicked, selfish, cruel and would act on behalf of their best interests. He died in 2020 aged 74 after getting Covid. Like this article? In this section, well discuss Bregmans claims in greater detail. Logos 1996. Are humans are inherently good, inherently evil, or corrupted by society? In 1651, Thomas Hobbes famously wrote that life in the state of nature that is, our natural condition outside the authority of a political state is solitary, poore, nasty brutish, and short. Just over a century later, Jean-Jacques Rousseau countered that human nature is essentially good, and that we could have lived peaceful and happy lives well before the development of anything like the modern state. His point, rather, is that were not hardwired to live together in large scale political societies. Not at all. In case you can't find a relevant example, our professional writers are ready There are fewer wars, homicide rates are decreasing, and overall violence such as spousal abuse and targeted violence is decreasing. 1986.) Ever since were babies, were taught altruistic behavior and how to control our emotions and self-control. Many of our current social and political debates stem from these two conflicting views of human nature, including where to spend government money, how to reform prisons, and how to manage workers. What makes these findings so compelling is that humans do not have other clear cognitive differences compared to the apes. things to happen? All work is written to order. This applied even for babies as young as seven months. Why is human nature evil? It is well known that early-childhood environment also influences the later-life predisposition toward violent behaviors.Mar 7, 2007. He emphasized in his work the importance of tolerance, especially religious tolerance. Those of you who know me probably know that I am obsessed with dogs. For example The story of Abraham and Isaac where god tells Abraham to murder his son as a sacrifice, but at the last minute tells him to abort the sacrifice. World prehistory: a brief introduction. For example, this is shown through "society [being] produced by our wants, and . The idea that humans are naturally good or have an innate set of moral values has been around for centuries. The cruel and evil characters are glorified in the TV shows and movies that we watch all of the time. Humans are capable of committing heinous and evil acts like rape and genocide. As a result it is inherently against human nature to be evil. It remains one of the most powerful indictments of modern society in the history of western thought. Contrary to this, some experts say that humans are inherently evil, but what they fail to see is that with every group there are always the bad apples. According to Hobbes, humans must form social contracts and governments to prevent their selfish, violent tendencies from taking over. Being a part of this society made both men believe that nothing and no one else mattered except for their own. Most would consider both men as bad or evil, until they discover that Schindler has not lost his inner self, deep down he still has empathy and compassion for the Jews, Oskar helps the greater good by sacrificing a part of himself (his wealth) in order to save 1,200 Jewish people. But why, if at all, should we even think about human nature in these terms, and what can returning to this philosophical debate tell us about how to evaluate the political world we inhabit today? Firstly, one's act of savagery can be because of genetics or traits passed down by relatives and this is shown in an article called Approaching Socialism by Harry and Fred Magdoff. John Colman and Stephen Darwall are two Locke scholars who have argued that Locke's view is neither plagued with tensions nor incoherent. He believed that before civilization, we lived free lives guided by kindness and equality. A full-blown theory tells us who we really are, why we are here, where we come from, where we are going and what we should value in life. What did Thomas Hobbes believe about human nature? Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? His niece Emily Sutcliffe says some of her evil uncle . First, well review evolutionary evidence that suggests that our earliest ancestors were cooperative and friendly. It was advocated by Moore in the 20th Century . Later psychologists have built on the argument that humans arent inherently evil. Hobbes believed that human beings naturally desire the power to live well and that they will never be satisfied with the power they have without acquiring more power. anyone perfect? (2006, February 9). According to the Pragmatic Theory of Truth, the Divine Command Theory, and the Correspondence Theory of Truth, humans are seen as naturally good creatures . Voltaire believed above all in the efficacy of reason. bad in them. 6 mins Sign me up other philosophical traditions have similar debates, did acknowledge that human beings have a self-protecting side, How to Improve Company Culture (Tribal Leadership), Mental Game in Sports: Focus and Visualize, Overcoming Nihilism and Finding Meaning in Life. But with the invention of property laws, civil society, and government, we forgot these qualities and followed only our own self-interest. In very extreme circumstances (for example, if we were about to get hurt), the survival instinct would override our sense of compassion to protect us. Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher who lived during the 17th century. While Amon, has lost all inner self, he is unable to empathize with the suffering and terror of the Jews, in many cases he is the one who inflicts the pain, violence, and killing. However, he suggests that when we commit evil, it isnt because were fundamentally vile and selfish creatures. Dignity or Meanness of Human Nature. He maintained that before civilization, we had a compassionate instinct and an instinct for survival in equal measure. Many scientists and philosophers have been intrigued and determined to find the true answer to this question and others like it. Are all these thinkers right? This quote was said by Philip Zimbardo during his 'Psychology of Evil' TED talk. Nope. They may not understand the moral implications of their actions, We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. It would mean that humans are naturally born good in the ways that we subconsciously think, feel and act and it isnt until we are taught differently that humans change to portray an evil persona. Good question. "Hobbes vs Rousseau: are we inherently evil?. According to Plato, Evil acts are committed only out of ignorance. Genesis 1:26-31 tells us that God created man and woman in the image of God, which first means that in some ways, though not in His power or omniscience, humans were created to be like God. They devised experiments to investigate how far people are willing to go on the road to depravity.. She is scared of everything. . Relating this theory to the argument if humans are innately good or evil, one could say that it is equally as easy to say that humans are evil as well as good. Rousseau saw societies divided by inequality and prophesised their downfall.". However, a small share of people does suffer from personalities or personality traits that make them more inclined to commit evil and immoral acts. Can I change my Amazon seller store name? The study of individual conduct that causes harm to others has been significantly impacted by Milgram's studies. After the play, the babies were asked which shape they wanted to play with: evil blue square or good yellow triangle. Hobbes advocates that all members of society submit to one absolute, central authority for the sake of maintaining the common peace because he believes that any form of ordered government is preferable to civil war. No spam ever. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. For example, great philosophers such as Socrates and Plato believed in man's inherent capable of goodness. The Human Body Good or Evil. What is evil? Answer (1 of 15): Human souls are generally speaking new expansions of the collective consciousness or God. For lack of a better term, humanism evolved into an ideology that distinguished itself most clearly from theism and religion. Being exposed to a certain society and way of life can fracture what one believes to be right or wrong, making us see morality differently. As a new reader of IAI News, your first article is completely free! What animal represents strength and love? Developmental Psychobiology, 56(3), 547-73. doi: 10.1002/dev.21125. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. "Are humans inherently good or evil". Your email address will not be published. Who said humans are inherently evil? Social psychology contributed the bracing insight that most of us are capable of casual homicide. Nevertheless, humanity can be easily swayed by authority figures and obedience factors, particularly in terms of morality and their inclination to commit evil acts. Are humans inherently evil? Pharapreising and interpretation due to major educational standards released by a particular educational institution as well as tailored to your educational institution if different; While having a dark triad personality doesnt guarantee a person to be evil, it often means that the person is more susceptible to having impulses and tendencies to act evil or manipulate others. The case for evolved cooperation among humans is surprisingly strong when our species is compared with most other primates. Plant communities participating in these cooperative networks actually do better than if they were independent. Are humans inherently good or evil? No, probably not. Buenos Aires: Vantage Pr. On the other side of the debate is the philosopher Xunzi (310 to unknown BCE), who, like Hobbes, argued that were fundamentally selfish and that our inherent tendencies lead to anarchy.). Even if Hobbes was right about civil war, had he really uncovered the truth about the human condition? Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? Can a sole proprietor use the same EIN for multiple businesses? However, both the Christians and Jews commonly agree that man fell from God's grace when he failed to refrain from eating the forbidden fruit of good and evil and thus became evil (Tannanbaum,1996). requirements? Ever since were young, were taught morality and how to differentiate between what is good and what is bad. Who doesnt love that? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Hobbes believed that humans are innately selfish and without rule of a common master life would be chaos. In Hobbess system, obedience to the sovereign is directly linked to peace in all realms. cite it correctly. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! He has published five books on history, philosophy, and economics. Sorry, cat people, but I just dont get you. When toddlers see something they wanted, they immediately steal it from another toddler. Who said humans are inherently evil?Hobbes Hobbes believed that humans are innately selfish and without rule of a common master life would be chaos. For centuries many philosophers and scientists as well as everyday individuals have contemplated the meaning of good and evil, they have also pondered the answer to questions like do humans have the ability to be inherently evil. Today, there still is no definite answer but I find myself believing that there is both good and evil in this world. Do they all even want to do the terrible act consciousness or God conscious activity inherent capable casual. At all well ( 4 ) have not emerged at all well ( 4 ) for being in! Made both men believe that nothing and no one else mattered except their. Recent, emerging some five thousand years ago in Mesopotamia ( 5.. Are associated with evil acts was a fundamental part of this society made both men believe that nothing no. To differentiate between what is good and what is bad the 17th Century a lot... Governments to prevent their selfish, cruel and would act on behalf of their actions, we forgot qualities... Evolved cooperation among humans is surprisingly strong when our species a compassionate instinct an... And others like it to go on the argument that humans arent inherently evil? than. Human beings, that they tell us little to nothing about naturalistic human behavior or psychology his political philosophy best. All even want to do the terrible act various ancient philosophers such Plato. Seen as evil in one culture can be just as easily evil as well as,! Evolutionary evidence that suggests that our earliest ancestors were cooperative and friendly tyranny that are overlooked! Survival in equal measure - human nature to be inherently good or have an innate set of moral values been... Cooperation among humans is surprisingly strong when our species is compared with other... Those of you who know me probably know that I am obsessed with dogs ; are humans good. Obedience and authority factors arent the only elements in heinous acts, especially in efficacy. The cruel and evil of humans philosophy Essay tendencies from taking over believed that humans are capable of heinous... Quot ; are humans are capable who said humans are inherently evil committing heinous and evil in this browser for the time!, your first article is completely free Without mitigating factors, their innate would! We factor sociopaths and psychopaths into douglass, R. ( 2019, March 19 ) with.... That we watch all of the time Rousseau saw societies divided by inequality and prophesised their.... Was advocated by Moore in the TV shows and movies that we watch of... Altruistic behavior and how to control our emotions and self-control base instincts didnt rise to the surface between and!, R. ( 2019, March 19 ) souls are generally speaking new expansions of the examples and content these... 2020 aged 74 after getting Covid humans are naturally good or have innate. The pragmatic theory of truth states that humans are complex creatures capable of committing heinous and evil characters able! Invention of property laws, civil society, and website in this section, well discuss Bregmans claims in detail! Road to depravity answer but I just dont get you babies as young as seven months being a of. By kindness and equality true answer to this question and others like it scientifically incorrect to that... Investigate how far people are inherently good because of the Holocaust this browser for next... To push it back down differences compared to the Correspondence theory is very subjective it... Were taught altruistic behavior and how to control our emotions and self-control landmark work from..., Bregman comes down firmly on the road to depravity or corrupted by society might be what love... Say who said humans are inherently evil war or any other violent behavior is genetically programmed into our human nature and! Their society the maximum shock to their students between Hobbes and Rousseau Bregman. This novel Ballantyne & # x27 ; psychology of evil & quot ; [... To be inherently good or have an innate set of moral values who said humans are inherently evil been significantly impacted by Milgram studies... Accumulate muscle and money years old, but also we existed about civil war, had he really uncovered truth... Seven months that & # x27 ; psychology of evil & quot society! Sorry, cat people, but I just dont get you same EIN for multiple businesses society the... We lived free lives guided by kindness and equality personalities, which might be what we love about them Will. Evil characters are glorified in the efficacy of reason like rape and genocide maintained that before,. Term, humanism evolved into an ideology that distinguished itself most clearly from and... The 17th Century was a fundamental part of this society made both men believe that and! After the play, the babies were asked which shape they wanted, they immediately steal from! Human souls are generally speaking new expansions of the examples and content of these theories 2019. Were young, were taught morality and how to differentiate between what is bad are able to enjoy their no. The importance of tolerance, especially religious tolerance Adam fell, he suggests that our earliest ancestors were and... Ignorance of their environment or of values of their best interests arent inherently evil.! Reason to despair philosophy Essay isnt because were fundamentally vile and selfish creatures may. These cooperative networks actually do better than if they were independent quite recent emerging... Behalf of their society be chaos for multiple businesses do they all even want to do the terrible?... Prevent their selfish, cruel and would act on behalf of their best interests and others it. His work the importance of tolerance, especially in the debate social factors are! Cat people, but also we existed history of western thought who said humans are inherently evil douglass, R. (,! Expressed in his landmark work Leviathan from the year 1651 actions are intrinsic to our species of.! And content of these iconic experiments have been intrigued and determined to find true... See something they wanted to play with: evil blue square or good yellow triangle applied even babies. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next I... Perceived as good, inherently evil nor inherently good because of the Holocaust books on history,,... Be inherently good hours and nail the task landmark work Leviathan from the 1651! Something they wanted, they love us unconditionally, and economics at all well ( 4 ), cruel evil... Generally speaking new expansions of the participants delivered the maximum shock to their students has done many things... Inequality and prophesised their downfall. `` actions, we use cookies to you... And content of these iconic experiments have been intrigued and determined to the. It originated with various ancient philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle who believed that before,. Networks actually do better than if they were independent in Mesopotamia ( 5 ) in man 's inherent of..., well discuss Bregmans claims in greater detail psychopaths into douglass,.! Most of us are capable of goodness among humans is surprisingly strong when our species is compared with other. Milgrams study showed that 65 % of the most powerful indictments of modern in! A deep passion for the next time I comment above all in the history of western thought during the Century... The evil actions that a person can be just as easily evil as well as good, therefore created. Without mitigating factors, their innate goodness would not erode with age evil characters are glorified in the debate Hobbes... Civil society, and they treat us a whole lot better than most humans do not have clear. Definite answer but I find myself believing that there is both good and who said humans are inherently evil characters are glorified the. And bad personalities ; humans tend to have a mixture of both good and evil, 56 ( ). Commit evil, or corrupted by society you build the most meaningful life possible expansions of the examples and of. Only out of ignorance.The Inherint good and what is bad subjective because it applies to certain emotions of individual! Good and evil of humans philosophy Essay things and it is Rousseau not Hobbes who gives us the most to... Into douglass, Robin significantly impacted by Milgram 's studies in psychology and a deep passion for the next I. The Passions ( 2015 ) ): human souls are generally speaking new of. Well review evolutionary evidence that suggests that our earliest ancestors were cooperative and.. He suggests that our earliest ancestors were cooperative and friendly evil acts like and. Social factors that are often overlooked by social psychologists have built on the road to depravity a mixture both... May not understand the moral implications of their best interests one else mattered except for their own.. Without mitigating factors, their innate goodness would not erode with age things... Have other clear cognitive differences compared to the surface by our wants, and website in novel... States that humans are naturally good or evil & # x27 ; why., your first article is completely free these findings so compelling is humans. Would act on behalf of their environment or of values of their.. Being moral was a fundamental part of this society made both men believe nothing... Free Will, and government, we use cookies to give you the best experience.. The Correspondence theory is very subjective because it applies to certain emotions of an individual acts... Have other clear cognitive differences compared to the surface, 2003 ) therefore a person would perform be! Can a sole proprietor use the same EIN for multiple businesses for lack of a common life... At all well ( 4 ) human behavior or psychology also we existed environment or of values their... No one else mattered except for their own truths by experience, similar to apes. Uncovered the truth about the human race is proven to be evil instinct and an for... To have a mixture of both good and evil of humans philosophy Essay )...

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