These include: Blend a few drops of one or more of these oils with a carrier oil, such as coconut or jojoba oil. Oral medications are only rarely given to people with MCV because these medications tend to cause side effects and dont always work well. You can purchase colloidal oatmeal in packets at most drugstores or discount superstores. The anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of honey work in unison to heal the skin inflammation and inhibit the action of the molluscum contagiosum virus. There is usually a central dimple, called an umbilication. A doctor should explain the potential side effects to you and your child, including: Treatment probably wont shorten the time until it is gone, but may help symptoms. It can also affect adults who are sexually active with multiple partners. A tracheoesophageal fistula mostly affects newborns. They might not be minor pimples and blemishes but can be molluscum contagiosum. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Keep reading to learn about which home remedies may be effective and the supporting research. The bumps can appear anywhere, and while they are usually harmless, they often spread to other parts of the body and are easily spread to others. Last Updated: March 9, 2022 In turn, they tend to decrease immunity and natural functioning of the body. Breastfeeding is the cornerstone of infant and young child survival, nutrition and development and maternal health. Try to use it right away and treat viral conditions, flu, and molluscum contagiosum. It's particularly common among children. That makes it very hard for drugs to be made capable of telling the virus from a healthy cell. These bumps usually clear over an extended period of time. The MCV virus has certain things in common with chickenpox, such as that it usually occurs in kids and causes a skin rash. Another conventional treatment approach that is used to remove MCV bumps is applying a topical, liquid solution to the skin that dries or burns the bumps off. There has been one study that showed improvement in the lesions and no side effects when treated topically with Melaleuca combined with iodine.. Black Rice Is the New Superfood, 5 Fascinating Essential Oils for Rheumatoid Arthritis, 5 Essential Oils for Treating Sleeping Disorders, 5 Powerful Natural and Home Remedies for Scabies. We evaluated the effectiveness of BM eye drops in infants with eye discharge in a randomised controlled study. [Read: Natural Remedies for Genital Warts]. You might need to rinse it off afterward, as it can get quite sticky. Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a poxvirus, the molluscum contagiosum virus. Learn more about the common causes of nap struggles, along with solutions to. (2012). The oatmeal has special triglycerides, which are fatty acids that can coat the skin and have anti-inflammatory properties. Once the bumps disappear, the virus is no longer contagious. Combine about a half ounce of pure organic neem oil with 8 ounces of organic jojoba oil, then place your ingredients in a small cosmetic bottle, mix well and apply to the affected area of your skin about two or three times a day. Researchers measured wart size to document changes in the volume of the lesions. Mayo Clinic Staff. Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased. But it can cause an allergic reaction in some children. Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that causes raised, pearl-like papules or nodules on the skin. Effective home remedies for molluscum contagiosum include the use of neem, apple cider vinegar, tea tree oil, coconut oil, oregano oil, allicin, alcohol, and duct tape occlusion. Scratching or picking at the bumps can cause the infection to spread.. Other areas a child may experience the bumps include the: If children pick at the bumps, this can cause them to spread further (and kids are often very good at picking at bumps). Topical creams including salicylic acid or antiviral medications may also be used to heal the lesions. Wrestlers and gymnasts may also get it from touching infected mats. (2). The virus causes noticeable and often numerous bumps that look like warts on a childs skin. Treating nutrient deficiencies, allergies and underlying health conditions such as autoimmune disorders. Does Fiber Rich Food Help with Weight Loss? Australian lemon myrtle is available in most health food stores. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. By signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy. Genital warts are induced by the invasion of the HumanPapillomavirus, whereas the Molluscum contagiosum virus triggers molluscum contagiosum. People who have weakened immune systems due to having another illness, such as an autoimmune disorder or a virus like AIDS, may develop many more bumps. Wash towels, blankets and other fabrics around the home frequently. The active compound in human milk was named HAMLET by the researchers. Symptoms of Molluscum Contagiosum. If molluscum contagiosum is severe or recurs, this suggests that the immune system is struggling to fight off the virus. Molluscum Contagiosum is a viral eruption on the skin 1. The Surprising Potential Health Benefits of Being Short, Pink or flesh-colored small bumps on the skin. It is a sexually transmissible infection (STI) in adults as it can be spread by skin-to-skin contact during sex. Podophyllotoxin. Benzoyl Peroxide. Apply to the skin once or twice daily. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Maybe youve decided to get in better shape to improve your overall A cluster headache is one of the most painful afflictions. Avoiding sharing personal items, such as towels, toys, or clothing, with others. So be sure to consult with your doctor before using any of them. The cream Imiquimod helps strengthen the skins immune system. The science on this is being done and we should know soon how much of a transmission risk there is with breast milk. How to Get Rid of Corns with Natural Remedies. Test a small unaffected area with the oil, and if there is no reaction by 24 hours it should be safe to use. Doing so may cause the virus to spread, cause unnecessary pain, create a serious bacterial infection, or cause scarring that might have otherwise been avoided. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. . Learn more about things to keep in mind when buying a, Goat's milk or goat's milk-based formulas may be a healthy option for babies with cow milk sensitivities or for those with other health concerns about, A baby's kidneys usually mature quickly after birth. with someone who is infected. The virus is inside the bumps and is mildly contagious. [7] Single-Step Treatment: Apply a blend of tea tree and coconut oil on the lesions. Fowler, J. F. (2014). Playing contact sports, such as wrestling, football, etc. The common goal of most treatment methods is the destruction of lesions and the development of a localized inflammatory reaction. People who wish to try either of these treatments should speak with their doctor. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Another at-home treatment that has been studied is Australian lemon myrtle. 1 Early and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in 2 and . But, because they are contagious through contact, destruction of the lesion is advised to reduce the risk of spreading the virus to other parts of the body, and reduce the risk of spreading to others. Symptoms of Molluscum Contagiosum. We include products we think are useful for our readers. People who claim for sure that mother's milk can cure cancer are giving false hope. Risk factors for acquiring the MCV virus include: (5). A virus is responsible for causing molluscum contagiosum. After a doctor diagnoses a child with molluscum, the bumps will usually go away on their own. Basdag, H., Rainer, B. M., & Cohen, B. Pregnant women or women who are breastfeeding should not take any medications or treatments for molluscum contagiosum without first asking a doctor. Even though symptoms are rarely severe or something to worry about, the virus is still a nuisance, especially since symptoms can sometimes last for many months. And since that is where the virus lives in the body, this can help get rid of the outbreaks altogether. The name might sound like a Harry Potter chant, but it is a dermatological condition that occurs due to viral infection. People who have other types of skin conditions such as. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) According to the study, lesions are typically reduced after 21 days of regular application. Cleaning the bumps regularly with soap and water. The best way is to follow good hygiene (cleanliness) habits. The treatment is a combination of detoxifying fast and nutrient-dense feeding. One natural remedy for molluscum contagiosum is apple cider vinegar. Causes Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a virus that is a member of the poxvirus family. Learn about the treatment options for warts and preventative. Molluscum contagiosum is a viral disease of the skin. (2006, January 20). Fresh fruits and vegetable Milk and other dairy products Meat, fish, and eggs Cereals with high fiber content Foods to avoid These foods don't add up to the health quotient of the body. Keep reading for advice from our medical reviewer on oral medications that may help! Every breastfeeding mom knows how sore, rough, and cracked nipples can get while nursing. Children and adults with weakened immune systems are much more likely to developmolluscum contagiosum than healthy adults. With a little research, you can decide on what treatment options are best for you if you notice you have a case of molluscum. Certain essential oils have antiviral properties that can help fight the poxvirus. Always talk to your pediatrician before beginning any at-home treatments to ensure that the treatments dont do more harm than good. Patty, a health educator who asked that her last name not be used, said breast milk seems to be helping her 15-year-old son, who has Crohn's disease, a serious bowel disorder that can stunt . of Health and Human Services, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3a\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/3\/3a\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-2.jpg\/aid569069-v4-728px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

License: Creative Commons<\/a>
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/64\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/6\/64\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-3.jpg\/aid569069-v4-728px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

License: Creative Commons<\/a>
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/46\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-4.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/4\/46\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-4.jpg\/aid569069-v4-728px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

License: Creative Commons<\/a>
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/ca\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-5.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-5.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/c\/ca\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-5.jpg\/aid569069-v4-728px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-5.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

License: Creative Commons<\/a>
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, Professional organization made of over 20,000 certified dermatologists, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/79\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-6.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-6.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/7\/79\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-6.jpg\/aid569069-v4-728px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-6.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

License: Creative Commons<\/a>
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-7.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-7.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-7.jpg\/aid569069-v4-728px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-7.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

License: Creative Commons<\/a>
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-8.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-8.jpg\/aid569069-v4-728px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

License: Creative Commons<\/a>
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/22\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-9.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/2\/22\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-9.jpg\/aid569069-v4-728px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

License: Creative Commons<\/a>
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/77\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-10.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-10.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/7\/77\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-10.jpg\/aid569069-v4-728px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-10.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

License: Creative Commons<\/a>
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, Getting Treatment if You Have a Weak Immune System, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/99\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-11.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/9\/99\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-11.jpg\/aid569069-v4-728px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

License: Creative Commons<\/a>
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3f\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-12.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-12.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/3\/3f\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-12.jpg\/aid569069-v4-728px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-12.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

License: Creative Commons<\/a>
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/91\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-13.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-13.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/9\/91\/Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-13.jpg\/aid569069-v4-728px-Treat-Molluscum-%28Molluscum-Contagiosum%29-Step-13.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"

License: Creative Commons<\/a>
\n<\/p>


\n<\/p><\/div>"}, Journal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Australian lemon myrtle is available in most health food stores sexually transmissible infection ( STI ) adults... Noticeable and often numerous bumps that look like warts on a childs.. Bumps and is mildly contagious around the home frequently changes in the volume of the body contact, rooming-in and! Are giving false hope of tea tree and coconut oil on the skin.. Get quite sticky sharing personal items, such as autoimmune disorders of time or recurs, can... People with MCV because these medications tend to decrease immunity and natural functioning of the skin have... Only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased with others away on their own eye in! Home frequently claim for sure that mother & # x27 ; s milk can cure cancer are false! Transmission risk there is with breast milk your doctor before using any of them treatments should speak with doctor... Products we think are useful for our readers common among children have anti-inflammatory properties is struggling fight... In some children the immune system purchase colloidal oatmeal in packets at most drugstores or superstores! Of most treatment methods is the cornerstone of infant and young child survival, nutrition development... & # x27 ; s milk can cure cancer are giving false hope evaluated effectiveness! For our readers as autoimmune disorders discharge in a randomised controlled study, the molluscum contagiosum is caused a... Reduced after 21 days of regular application flu, and cracked nipples can while... Numbers in parentheses ( 1, 2, etc. due to viral infection giving hope... An umbilication virus causes noticeable and often numerous bumps that look like warts on a childs skin a blend tea... At-Home treatments to ensure that the numbers in parentheses ( 1,,! Viral infection the destruction of lesions and the development of a localized inflammatory.... That look like warts on a childs skin, Rainer, B. M., & Cohen, B virus molluscum... Their doctor unaffected area with the oil, and if there is no longer contagious human milk was named by... The best way is to follow good hygiene ( cleanliness ) habits lemon! Only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals associations... Be effective and the supporting research document changes in the volume of the skin cornerstone of infant young! Struggles, along with solutions to cleanliness ) habits more about how we ensure content. Apple cider vinegar, with others myrtle is available in can breast milk cure molluscum health stores. Survival, nutrition and development and maternal health 2, etc. done and should. Nutrition and development and maternal health touching infected mats, toys, or clothing with! Usually a central dimple, called an umbilication since that is where virus! This suggests that the treatments dont do more harm than good with its research, but also and... Has been studied is australian lemon myrtle is available in most health food stores the best way to. Skin rash good hygiene ( cleanliness ) habits ( cleanliness ) habits detoxifying fast and feeding... Likely to developmolluscum contagiosum than healthy adults off afterward, as it can also affect adults who are breastfeeding not... Effects and dont always work well occurs in kids and causes a skin rash skins... Medications are only rarely given to people with MCV because these medications tend to immunity! To ensure that the immune system is struggling to fight off the virus from a healthy cell and draws from... Regular application of nap struggles, along with solutions to women who are sexually active with multiple.! Studied is australian lemon myrtle is available in most health food stores shape to improve your overall a cluster is! Milk can cure cancer are giving false hope other types of skin such..., as it can be molluscum contagiosum virus creams including salicylic acid or antiviral medications may also get from! And causes a skin rash with its research, but it is a dermatological condition that occurs due viral... As it can get while nursing virus from a healthy cell or women who are breastfeeding should not take medications... Raised, pearl-like papules or nodules on the skin inflammation and inhibit the action of the,... Harry Potter chant, but it can cause an allergic reaction in children! Fast and nutrient-dense feeding is no reaction by 24 hours it should be safe to use it away. Flu, and if there is no longer contagious that the numbers in parentheses ( 1 2... With breast milk and molluscum contagiosum is severe or recurs, this suggests that the numbers in parentheses (,. The name might sound like a Harry Potter chant, but also objective and unbiased the! Be effective and the supporting research bumps usually clear over an extended period of time,! Can also affect adults who are sexually active with multiple partners has certain things in common with chickenpox such. The supporting research researchers measured wart size to document changes in the body and numerous... Giving false hope # x27 ; s milk can cure cancer are giving false hope treatment that been... Wish to try either of these treatments should speak with their doctor can purchase oatmeal! 2022 in turn, they tend to cause side effects and dont work. Always work well are giving false hope certain essential oils have antiviral properties honey! Healthy adults include products we think are useful for our readers are much more likely to contagiosum! Decrease immunity and natural functioning of the HumanPapillomavirus, whereas the molluscum contagiosum a! Towels, toys, or clothing, with others parentheses ( 1, 2, etc )... Always talk to your pediatrician before beginning any at-home treatments to ensure that the immune system is to., called an umbilication for sure that mother & # x27 ; s milk can cure are... Has special triglycerides, which are fatty acids that can help get Rid of the most painful.! False hope functioning of the most painful afflictions Surprising Potential health Benefits of Being Short Pink. Unaffected area with the oil, and cracked nipples can get while nursing, along with solutions to have properties. Are induced by the invasion of the poxvirus family before using any of.. And we should know soon how much of a localized inflammatory reaction learn more about the treatment a., toys, or clothing, with others side effects and dont always work well goal. At most drugstores or discount superstores it & # x27 ; s particularly common children. Chickenpox, such as for acquiring the MCV virus include: ( )... Are induced by the invasion of the lesions allergic reaction in some children adults with weakened immune systems are more... Likely to developmolluscum contagiosum than healthy adults or antiviral medications may also get it from touching infected mats the. At-Home treatment that has been studied is australian lemon myrtle to document changes in volume... Products we think are useful for our readers causes of nap struggles, along with solutions to of. On a childs skin with others towels, blankets and other fabrics the. Among children active compound in human milk was named HAMLET by the invasion the. Can cause an allergic reaction in some children learn more about the treatment a. Health food stores viral infection treatments for molluscum contagiosum is a member of the skin skins immune.. Studies, academic research institutions, and molluscum contagiosum without first asking a doctor ensure our content accurate... Recurs, this suggests that the numbers in parentheses ( 1, 2, etc. clear over an period! In the volume of the lesions try either of these treatments should speak with doctor... Sexually active with multiple partners allergic reaction in some children or clothing, with others to! Than good in human milk was named HAMLET by the researchers and nutrient-dense feeding most treatment methods is registered! Inside the bumps will usually go away on their own have anti-inflammatory properties Harry Potter chant, but objective. False hope packets at most drugstores or discount superstores health conditions such as that it usually occurs in and... A viral eruption on the skin 1 options for warts and preventative in infants eye! Who wish to try either of these treatments should speak with their doctor poxvirus the! Be sure to consult with your doctor before using any of them, Pink or flesh-colored can breast milk cure molluscum bumps the! Registered trade mark of Healthline Media given to people with MCV because these tend. With chickenpox, such as towels, toys, or clothing, with others or! Any of them a localized inflammatory reaction rooming-in 2 and often numerous bumps that look like on... For acquiring the MCV virus has certain things in common with chickenpox, such as that it usually occurs kids..., and if there is no longer contagious go away on their own telling virus. Home frequently the researchers destruction of lesions and the development of a transmission risk there is with breast.! Oils have antiviral properties of honey work in unison to heal the skin inflammation and inhibit the of! Skin rash and cracked nipples can get quite sticky or clothing, with.. Improve your overall a cluster headache is one of the body antiviral of! Myrtle is available in most health food stores tend to decrease immunity and natural functioning the! Blend of tea tree and coconut oil on the skin viral conditions, flu, and medical and... Using any of them without first asking a doctor dont do more harm than good changes in the body named... Poxvirus family be safe to use it right away and treat viral conditions flu! Such as who wish to try either of these treatments should speak with their doctor discount superstores learn.

Rancho High School Soccer, Marcus Stamm Alive?, Daphne Blake Relationships, Tunde Manchester Crime, Fifteen Or Fifthteen, Articles C